Applied sciences
Our pioneering speech technology applied sciences are serving to folks around the globe work together with extra pure, conversational and intuitive digital assistants and AI instruments.
Speech is central to human connection. It helps folks around the globe change data and concepts, categorical feelings and create mutual understanding. As our expertise constructed for producing pure, dynamic voices continues to enhance, we’re unlocking richer, extra participating digital experiences.
Over the previous few years, we’ve been pushing the frontiers of audio technology, creating fashions that may create top quality, pure speech from a variety of inputs, like textual content, tempo controls and specific voices. This expertise powers single-speaker audio in lots of Google merchandise and experiments — together with Gemini Dwell, Challenge Astra, Journey Voices and YouTube’s auto dubbing — and helps folks around the globe work together with extra pure, conversational and intuitive digital assistants and AI instruments.
Working along with companions throughout Google, we not too long ago helped develop two new options that may generate long-form, multi-speaker dialogue for making complicated content material extra accessible:
- NotebookLM Audio Overviews turns uploaded paperwork into participating and energetic dialogue. With one click on, two AI hosts summarize consumer materials, make connections between subjects and banter forwards and backwards.
- Illuminate creates formal AI-generated discussions about analysis papers to assist make information extra accessible and digestible.
Right here, we offer an summary of our newest speech technology analysis underpinning all of those merchandise and experimental instruments.
Pioneering strategies for audio technology
For years, we have been investing in audio technology analysis and exploring new methods for producing extra pure dialogue in our merchandise and experimental instruments. In our earlier analysis on SoundStorm, we first demonstrated the flexibility to generate 30-second segments of pure dialogue between a number of audio system.
This prolonged our earlier work, SoundStream and AudioLM, which allowed us to use many text-based language modeling strategies to the issue of audio technology.
SoundStream is a neural audio codec that effectively compresses and decompresses an audio enter, with out compromising its high quality. As a part of the coaching course of, SoundStream learns the best way to map audio to a variety of acoustic tokens. These tokens seize all the data wanted to reconstruct the audio with excessive constancy, together with properties comparable to prosody and timbre.
AudioLM treats audio technology as a language modeling process to supply the acoustic tokens of codecs like SoundStream. Because of this, the AudioLM framework makes no assumptions in regards to the kind or make-up of the audio being generated, and may flexibly deal with a wide range of sounds while not having architectural changes — making it an excellent candidate for modeling multi-speaker dialogues.
Instance of a multi-speaker dialogue generated by NotebookLM Audio Overview, based mostly on a couple of potato-related paperwork.
Constructing upon this analysis, our newest speech technology expertise can produce 2 minutes of dialogue, with improved naturalness, speaker consistency and acoustic high quality, when given a script of dialogue and speaker flip markers. The mannequin additionally performs this process in underneath 3 seconds on a single Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) v5e chip, in a single inference go. This implies it generates audio over 40-times sooner than actual time.
Scaling our audio technology fashions
Scaling our single-speaker technology fashions to multi-speaker fashions then grew to become a matter of knowledge and mannequin capability. To assist our newest speech technology mannequin produce longer speech segments, we created an much more environment friendly speech codec for compressing audio right into a sequence of tokens, in as little as 600 bits per second, with out compromising the standard of its output.
The tokens produced by our codec have a hierarchical construction and are grouped by time frames. The primary tokens inside a bunch seize phonetic and prosodic data, whereas the final tokens encode fantastic acoustic particulars.
Even with our new speech codec, producing a 2-minute dialogue requires producing over 5000 tokens. To mannequin these lengthy sequences, we developed a specialised Transformer structure that may effectively deal with hierarchies of knowledge, matching the construction of our acoustic tokens.
With this system, we are able to effectively generate acoustic tokens that correspond to the dialogue, inside a single autoregressive inference go. As soon as generated, these tokens will be decoded again into an audio waveform utilizing our speech codec.
Animation exhibiting how our speech technology mannequin produces a stream of audio tokens autoregressively, that are decoded again to a waveform consisting of a two-speaker dialogue.
To show our mannequin the best way to generate life like exchanges between a number of audio system, we pretrained it on lots of of hundreds of hours of speech knowledge. Then we finetuned it on a a lot smaller dataset of dialogue with excessive acoustic high quality and exact speaker annotations, consisting of unscripted conversations from quite a lot of voice actors and life like disfluencies — the “umm”s and “aah”s of actual dialog. This step taught the mannequin the best way to reliably change between audio system throughout a generated dialogue and to output solely studio high quality audio with life like pauses, tone and timing.
In keeping with our AI Ideas and our dedication to creating and deploying AI applied sciences responsibly, we’re incorporating our SynthID expertise to watermark non-transient AI-generated audio content material from these fashions, to assist safeguard towards the potential misuse of this expertise.
New speech experiences forward
We’re now targeted on bettering our mannequin’s expressivity, acoustic high quality and including extra fine-grained controls for options, like prosody, whereas exploring how greatest to mix these advances with different modalities, comparable to video.
The potential purposes for superior speech technology are huge, particularly when mixed with our Gemini household of fashions. From enhancing studying experiences to creating content material extra universally accessible, we’re excited to proceed pushing the boundaries of what’s doable with voice-based applied sciences.
